This article recounts the creation and service of the New York Guard, formed on August 3, 1917, after the New York National Guard was federalized to fight overseas in World War I. With National Guard troops no longer available to protect key infrastructure such as railroads, aqueducts, canals, and power facilities, Governor Charles S. Whitmanauthorized a state military force of volunteers to safeguard New York’s home front. Led by Adjutant General Charles H. Sherrill, the newly organized New York Guard quickly grew to over 10,000 men, composed mostly of 17-year-olds too young for the draft and older men over 45. They patrolled 95 miles of aqueduct, 500 miles of canals, and numerous railroad bridges, with some 2,000 serving full time at $1.25 per day. Despite challenges such as inadequate equipment and high operating costs—reaching $2 million annually—the New York Guard earned praise from state and federal officials, including Secretary of War Newton D. Baker and Brig. Gen. Eli D. Hoyle, for their discipline and dedication. By the end of 1918, the force numbered 22,000, operating across the state in both full- and part-time capacities. Though many assignments were routine, the service was not without sacrifice—32 Guardsmen, including 17-year-old Pvt. Merville Harrington, died during the 1918 influenza epidemic. In his 1919 report, Adjutant General Charles W. Berry commended the Guard for preserving public order and protecting vital infrastructure, declaring that its members had served “with the highest patriotic spirit” during one of New York’s most critical periods.
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